Анотації 

Богданова О. В. Роль соціального інституту релігії в процесах демократизації: на прикладі США. – Рукопис.

Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата соціологічних наук за спеціальністю 22.00.04 – спеціальні та галузеві соціології. – Інститут соціології Національної академії наук України. – Київ, 2007.

   На прикладі динаміки взаємодії релігії та демократії у США, в дисертації експліковано світоглядні й організаційні характеристики соціального інституту релігії, що визначають його конфлікт vs. сумісність з демократичним ладом та сприяння vs. опір процесам демократизації; продемонстровано, що релігійність суспільства може суттєво сприяти його демократизації за умови, якщо духовенство інтерналізує демократичну орієнтацію та вдасться до її пропагування, і що в рамках релігійної традиції визначальним може бути не священний текст per se, а його інтерпретація, представлена в громадському дискурсі.
   Ключові слова: релігія, соціальний інститут релігії, демократія, демократизація, США.

Богданова Е. В. Роль социального института религии в процессах демократизации: на примере США. – Рукопись.

Диссертация на соискание ученой степени кандидата социологических наук по специальности 22.00.04 – специальные и отраслевые социологии. – Институт социологии Национальной академии наук Украины. – Киев, 2007.

   На примере взаимодействия религии и демократии в США, в диссертации экспликованы мировоззренческие и организационные характеристики социального института религии, которые определяют его конфликт vs. совместимость с демократическим строем и содействие vs. сопротивление процессам демократизации; продемонстрировано, что религиозность общества может существенно содействовать его демократизации при условии, что духовенство интернализирует демократическую ориентацию и примется за ее пропагандирование, и что в рамках религиозной традиции определяющим может быть не священный текст per se, а его интерпретация, представленная в общественном дискурсе.
   Ключевые слова: религия, социальный институт религии, демократия, демократизация, США.

Bogdanova O.V. The Role of the Social Institution of Religion in the Processes of Democratization: Case-Study of the USA. – Manuscript.

Dissertation to obtain the degree of Candidate of Sociological Sciences. Specialization 22.00.04 – special and branch sociologies. – Institute of Sociology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. – Kyiv, 2007.

   The dissertation explores the interrelationship of religious institutions and democratizing and de-democratizing processes in the USA since the colonial times till 1960s. It aims to discover in which case the social institution of religion is compatible with or even conducive to democracy and in which case it may hinder democratic developments.
   On the basis of the United States case-study, the author argues that the interrelationship of Protestantism and democratization was very complex and included opposition as well as congruence. The democratic potential of the Christian tradition had not been fully realized in the relationship of Christianity and democratic developments in the U.S. until several worldview transitions occurred: from fatalistic orientation to acknowledging human ability to change social reality; from belief in predestination to belief in everybody’s chance for salvation, which allowed for the integration of the less privileged strata; from private religiosity to social, when active civic position became imperative for a believer; and from dogmatism to relative openness.
   The dissertation demonstrates that, even within one denomination, complexity and transitivity of religious institutions across time and space makes it inadequate to treat them as relatively stable worldview and organizational systems. It proves that the decisive factor in the relationship of religion and democracy is not the sacred text of a particular religion but its interpretation presented in the public discourse. It also suggests empirical proof to the thesis that religious systems may contain such a controversial set of ideas that makes it possible to use them for legitimating even mutually contradictory social means and ends. Thus, it argues against classifying religions and denominations on those conducive to democracy and not. Instead, it suggests identifying specific aspects of religion that determine its congruence and conflict with democracy.
   The research results demonstrate that the religious and democratic institutions are not compatible if the following worldview and organizational features are characteristic for the dominant religiosity of a particular society: the belief that the status quo is fully determined and controlled by God; the belief in predestination and in private path to salvation; dogmatism, which leads to inadequate perception of reality and generates opposition to reforms that do not fit into the preset world-vision; the perception of religious organization as an indispensable intermediary between a human being and God; church’s monopoly on legitimizing political actors; believers being organized into passive audiences instead of communities; the clergy being organized hierarchically and starting a new religious community being possible only with the permission of higher clerics; the clergy having a negative attitude towards democratic values and conducting corresponding propaganda among their parishioners. On the contrary, society’s religiosity is compatible with the idea of democracy and will be even conducive to democratization if the following worldview and organizational features are characteristic for it: acceptance of social innovation; seeing an individual as a product of social milieu; social path to salvation, which demands active participation in transforming social reality in correspondence with one’s ideals; openness to the practice of life as opposed to dogmatism; perceiving religious organization as only assisting in communication with God and having no monopoly on truth and its interpretation; the clergy having no more political privileges than any other participants of political processes; the believers being organized in communities; elective clergy and free creation of new religious communities; clergy having internalized democratic values and openly propagating them. The research results also demonstrate that it is important for contemporary social research to distinguish between religiosity as consolidation and spirituality vs. as dogmatism and belonging to a hierarchical structure.
   Key words: religion, social institution of religion, democracy, democratization, USA.

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Роль соціального інституту релігії в процесах демократизації: на прикладі США